Native people information by name

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JOSEPH-LOUIS AINSE (also Hains or Hins): (1744-?)
Joseph was born in may of 1744 at Michilimackinac to Joseph Hins & Marie-Coussante Chevalier (daughter of Jean Bte.Chevalier & Marie-Frances Alavoine & also was married to Francois-Louis Cardin). Joseph-Louis married Marie-Della-Therese Bondy at St.Ignace, Michilimackina, Mich. in 1795. Joseph-Louis had at least five children: Joseph (bapt.1782 & lived at Varennes), Therese (bapt.1784), Margaret (who married John Campbell) & Ance (who was a mix-blood son, became chief at the Straits of Mackinac) & Pelagie.
In June of 1763 he was at Michilimackinac when the western tribes attacked the British fort and was dispatched to Detroit with the news of the attack. In the fall of 1768 he was in Montreal at the court martial of Mj. Rogers (of Rogers Rangers fame), who was being tried for treason. Joseph who had been an interpreter for Rogers, was testifying against Rogers. During the 1770's he took out a trade license, trading out of Michilimackinac for Pierre Fortier & Jean Orillet. By 1786 he was employed by the Indian Dept. at Michilimackinac and in August sent by Sir John Johnson & Capt. Byrne to the Upper Mississippi with presents to distribute to the Dakota & Ojibwe, inviting them to council on a peace treaty. On 24 june 1788 an Inquiry was held to answer accusations leveled at Joseph about his dealings with traders on the Upper Mississippi. A list of people questioned at the Inquiry include: Joseph Roque, James Aird, Joseph Rainville, Timothe Plumodon, Jacques Freniere, Hypolite Caselest, Michel Cadot & Gabriel Attina.

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William Alexander Aitken/Aitkin: (abt.1785-1851)
He was apparently a native of Edinbugh, Scotland and had at least two wives, Madeline Ermatinger (Payshahquodoquay or Striped-Cloud) (daughter of Charles Oakes Ermatinger & Charlotte Kalawabide) and Gingioncumigoke. His children (he was said to have had 25 half-blood children) were: Alfred, John, Matilda, Roger, Nancy, Elizabeth, Ann, Julia E., Salina, Robert, Amanda, Sarah J., Childe, Isabel, Henry & Edgar.
William apparently first arrived in the Great Lakes area and was employed by John Drew. He later was a American Fur Company clerk in William Morrison's Fond du Lac Department. Eventually he became the Departments chief trader for many years, establishing his headquarters at Sandy Lake with trading post as far to the west as Pembina, to the north as Rainy Lake & to the south below the mouth of the Crow Wing River. He was fired for not turning over to the company, funds received from an Ojibwe Treaty for debts due the Department and set himself up in competition as an independent trader on the Upper Mississippi out of St.Louis, Missouri. He died at his Swan River post (Aitkinville) on the 16th of September in 1851.
The following letter was written by William at a difficult time in his life.

Sandy Lake Jan'y 4th 1837
Lyman Warren Esq.
Ft. Ramsey
Dear Sir
These few lines will acquaint you of the melancholy circumstance that took place in the 6th December last. My son Alfred was treacherously murdered at Red Ceder Lake by an Indian. Two hundred pillagers have kept two months preparing for war with ammunition given against my orders(?). All these things have taken place by you hurrying me away last fall when I could have gone down this winter and settled my business to the same purpose. There is an Indian Agent appointed for Fort Ramsay and is on his way to that place presently. There is one also to be appointed for Crowing River next summer.
General Dodge granted me a license without hesitation and told me Mr. Schoolcraft had no authority to grant any licenses for this section of the country after the second of July. I laid all the paper from Mr. Schoolcraft before General Dodge but he did not appear to put much weight on them. See the Indian in the Department are starving and you will simply(?) reap the benefit of their carring on of last summer.
Goverment will for certain take cognisance of William Davenport giving ammunition to the Indians for war, he will not escape them with impunity.
Yours
(signed) William A. Aitkin



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Mescotopah, “the red-haired man

His Sioux tribesmen called him Mescotopah, “the red-haired man.” He was a Scottish-Canadian who became an adopted leader within the Sioux nation. While a young man, Dickson established himself as a merchant in the fur trade in the Niagara region. His extensive connections brought him to the Spanish territories west of the Mississippi for a time, but he eventually entered the community of the Sioux tribes who lived in various parts of the Upper Great Lakes region.

No other white man, and only a handful of Natives, commanded the respect and love of his people as Dickson did. Dickson endured a winter of starvation with his people in Michigan “I am heartily sick of this place. There is no situation more miserable than to see objects around you dying of hunger and to be unable to give them but little assistance. I have done what I could for them, and in consequence, will starve myself.”

His concern for his peoples’ welfare led him to help the British when the conflict with America deepened in 1812. He was sought out by Isaac Brock to secure native assistance in the strike against Fort Mackinac, and the four hundred warriors led in that action were in largely responsible for its success. Later, George Prevost convinced him to give up the fur trade and become part of the Indian department as a superintendent for the western nations. Unlike many others in the department, he was sober, literate, humane, and faithful to his Sioux wife.

Having no interest in military pursuits, Dickson gave up his position of lieutenant colonel when the war ended, and resigned from the Indian department. He eventually moved his family west, in order to aid Lord Selkirk in the establishment of his colony on the Red River. Dickson died in 1823.

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Daniel Lamont: (1798/99 - 1837)
He was the son of Colin Lamont Sr. & Jane Smith of Greenock, Scotland, baptized on 24 April 1798 at Greenock. He married 1st.to Hushes ("The Night") (daughter of Dakota Lake Calhoun Band Chief, Cloudman) before 1824 and married 2nd.to Margaret [he was the son-in-law of Markpeemanee / "Walking-Cloud" who was an "old" Sisseton Chief in 1824], his children were: Jane (m.Moses J.Titus in 1867), Colin & Charles.
Daniel was working on Lord Selkirk's Red River Colony, but about January of 1817 returned home to Scotland by a Hudson Bay ship. He was back on the Red River in 1820/21, trading for the Hudson Bay Co.and in 1821/22 at Lac Traverse with Robert Dickson, Joseph Renville, Kenneth McKenzie & William S.Laidlow, where he co-founded the Columbia Fur Company. He was at St.Louis, where he apparently resided, in June of 1822 when he filed his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States. In 1826 he was at Fort Factory at the mouth of the Minnesota River and in the Upper Missouri Outfit the next year. In 1832 he was at Fort Tecumseh (Ft.Pierre) on the Missouri River, but in 1835 he quit the Upper Missouri Outfit.
The following is from his Will & Testament which he wrote at Fort Pierre on the Missouri in November of 1834: "...First I direct that in event of my dying in the Civilized World or at any of the Establishments of the Upper Missouri Outfit of which I am at present a Member my Body shall be Committed to its Mother Earth from whence it came with decency but no Parade; and with the usual forms of the Scotch Presbyterian Church in which I was Baptised and in infancy reared, tho' agreeably to the interpretation of its tenates in Missouri I cannot be a Member thereof: And as to such Worldly Estate as it hath pleased God to Intrust me with I dispose of the same as follows...I further direct that the Sum of Two Thousand Dollars shall be paid by my Executors to my much esteem'd Friend William Laidlaw at present one of associates in business out of the first Moneys accruing from my interest in the Upper Missouri Outfit...And I do hereby make and ordain my much esteem'd friends Pierre Chouteau Jr. and George Collier Esquires of St.Louis aforesaid Executors of this my Will and testament..."

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LaFreniere / Freniere / Frenier / Lafresniere
Associated names that may accompany this surname are: Desrosiers, Piette/Piete, Chauvin, Donay/Daunet, Delonai, Trempe, Venire & Hertel.
Charles-Jacques Freniere (Lafreniere):
He married a Sisseton (daughter of Tokokotipexni or "He Who Fears Nothing"). His children were Francois (d.bef.1851), Narcisse & Louison. Charles was a trader on the Riviere St.Pierre (Minnesota River) in the 1780's. May have been related to Antoine Piette dit Freniere who was indebt to Pierre Peltier d'Antaya in 1754 but absent from his wife (Therese Mandeville) "dans les Pays d'en Haut".

Narcisse Freniere (Cekpa):
He married 1st. to Winona Crawford (b.1808), 2nd. to an Elm River Yanktonai woman & 3rd to another Yanktonai woman. His children were Susan (m. Joseph R.Brown at Lac Traverse in 1835), Daniel Antoine (Sataka), Antoine, a daughter (m.Francois Chardon), Thomas, Narcisse (b.abt.1841 MN) & Francois (b.abt.1839 MN.). In 1816 he was at Prairie du Chien, employed by James Aird. In 1819 he was employed by Graham & Renville as an interpreter at Lac Traverse. From 1824 to 1827 he worked for the American Fur Co. but by 1836 he ( with brothers Francois & Louis) was an independent sub-outfit of the American Fur Co's. Western out-fit, trading at the mouth of the Cheyenne River. Narcisse died while on a journey to the Missouri River.

Francois Freniere: (died before 1851)
He married a Sisseton woman and his children were: Xavier (Pejiskaya) (b.abt.1809), Norris (b.abt.1816), Rosalia (m. John Mooers) & Louis (abt.1812-1839). A long time trader, he had a store near Lac Traverse and was visited by Father Ravoux in the fall of 1842.

Xavier (Exevier) Freneire (Pejiskaya): (b.abt.1809/13)
He was the son of Francois Freniere and a Medwakaton and/or Sisseton woman. Xavier married a Sisseton woman and their children were: Joseph (b.abt.1832/36), Augustin (b.abt.1835/39), Xavier (b.abt.1835/39), Josephine (b.abt.1842/46) & Baptiste (b.abt.1850/54).

Antoine LaFreniere: (abt.1780-1863)
He married Marguerite Houle and their children were: Antoine (1810-1874)(m.Ursule Morin), Isabelle (b.abt.1815)(m.Francois Roy), Marguerite (b.abt.1823)(m.Antoine Flamand), Jean Bte. (1828-1897)(m.Ursule St.Germain) & Francois (1834-1860)(m.Isabelle St.Germain). This family of LaFreniere's was associated with the St.Francois Xavier parish of the Selkirk Settlement.

Antoine LaFreniere:
He married Madeleine St.Onge and they had sons Antoine Jr. & Oliver. This Antoine Sr. was at the capture of the American fort at Mackinac, when it was captured during the War of 1812. He remained loyal to the English after the war & moved to the British fort at Drummond Is.and later (1828) at Penetanguishene. Oliver married a widow (Madeleine Lacombe) and moved to Manitoba.


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Augustin LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque) I: (1770's-aft.1846)
He was married to Agatha (b.abt.1784, Dubuque, Iowa- her father was of the Fox tribe & mother a Dakota) and also married Helen (Wakan Winona). Their children were: Augustin II (abt.1807-abt.1860)(m.a Menominee woman), Joseph I (b.1807/10)(m.Madeline Robinson), Catherine (b.abt.1809)(m.1st.to Francois Lapointe & 2nd.to Mitchell Lariviere), Francois (b.1810), Louis (b.abt.1813)(m.Nancy Campbell) & Angelique.
Augustin LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque) II: (abt.1807-abt.1860)
He married a Menominee woman and their children were: Therese (b.1820)(m.Oliver Monnette), Pauline (b.1823/31) & Jean Bt. (b.1828).

Joseph LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque) I: (b.1807/10-?)
He married Madeliene Robinson (daughter of a trader & a Dakota/Fox woman) and their children were: Joseph II (b.abt.1840), Baptiste (b.abt.1841), Domitille (b.abt.1842), Matilda (b.abt.1844), Josephine (b.abt.1847), Louis-Joseph (b.abt.1848) & Leander (b.abt.1853).

Catherine LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque): (b.abt.1809-?)


Francois LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque): (b.1810-?)


Louis LaRocque (Rock/Roc/Rocque): (b.abt.1813-?)
He married Nancy Campbell (b.1816/20)(daughter of Duncan Campbell & Therese)(she was the widow of Alfred Hudson)


The following genealogical file is WinZip-ed;
To view/download file, click on file and UnZip in the Lotus 1-2-3 release 5 format.
larocque.zip



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Robert Michel Aird: (? - ?)
He was living at Isle Jesus, Quebec in the 1780's with wife, Janet/Jannet (?) and their children were Martha (b.25 Aug.1786, Quebec) & Anna (bap.3 Apr.1789, St.Andrews, Williamstown, Glengarry, Ontario). In 1786 he was a merchant living at St.Vincent de Paul, Montreal, Quebec.
He was licensed to trade out of Michilimackinac in the spring of 1777 with 1 canoe & 9 men - financed by William Aird and in 1778 he is trading out of Prairie du Chien. In 1785 he took Joseph Boucher of Laprairie to court, accusing him of taking 78 livres from him to winter on the Mississippi while being hired by Joseph Howard at the same time. That same year he was licensed to trade out of Michilimackinac with James Aird.
William Aird: (? - ?)
He was living in L'Assomption, Quebec in the 1780's as a former soldier in the 70th regt. and was married to Jane (?). They had a daughter named Elizabeth (b.Oct.1786).
In the spring of 1777 he financed Robert Aird trading venture out of Michilimackinac.

George Aird: (? - 1805)
He was buried in St.Louis, Missouri on 1 April 1805.

James Aird: (? - 1819)
He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland and married Grey Cloud (daughter of Dakota Chief Wabasha). They had a daughter named Margaret (Mahkpiyahotowin/Grey Cloud II) (1793-1850) who married Thomas G.Anderson about 1805 and later married Hazen Mooers.
He was trading on the Upper Mississippi River (Wabasha's Dakota village) as early as 1783. In the winter of 1785/86 he was apart of Jean Perrault's trading venture at a post on the Leaf River with Roch [in the spring of 1785 he was licensed out of Michilimackinac with Robert Aird]. For the winter of 1786/87, James Aird is located at Prairie Du Chien (trading on the St.Peters /Minnesota River) and is associated with Charles Paterson, Etienne-Charles Campion and others in the "General Co. of L.Superior and the South" (also known as the "General Society") other traders in the firm were; Charles Chaboillez Sr., John Sayer, [the firm was gone in 1788]. That season he loaned his interpreter, Joseph Rocque, to Joseph Ainse who was on his peace mission to the Dakota & Ojibwe. James Aird, Charles Paterson and other traders wrote a petition (10 Aug.1787) to commandant Thomas Scott accusing Joseph Ainse of selling Indian Department presents for profit. The winters of 1787/88 he was trading on the St.Peters River (Minnesota River) [Etienne Campion arrived at his post on 25 October 1787].
James next shows up as arriving at Mackinac with his brother George Aird on 29 May 1803, from the River St.Peters (Minnesota River). In August of 1804 he signed an agreement/partnership with Robert Dickson, Allen C.Wilmet, Murdoch Cameron, John Lawe & Jacob Frank, forming R.Dickson & Company with competitors Jacques Porlier, Noel Rocheblave, Grignon brothers, Louis Beaupre, Charles Reaume, etc... Another agreement is signed on 24 June 1806 between the R.Dickson & Company [Robert Dickson, James Aird, also for his late brother George Aird, Jacob Franks and Wilmot] and the James and Andrew McGill & Company [James McGill, for his late brother Andrew McGill, Thomas Blackwood and Francis DesRivieres of Montreal], the former was indebt to the latter. During this period James was incharge of the Missouri trade for the firm , where he met (3 Sep.1806) Lewis & Clark between the mouth of the Vermilion River and the mouth of the Big Sioux River (on the Missouri) - returning from the their expedition to the Pacific Ocean. [the following is from the Lewis & Clark journal] "...We landed and found a Mr.James Airs, a partner of a house at Prairie du Chien, who had come from Mackinau by the way of P.d.C. and St.Louis, with a license to trade among the Sioux for one year...After so long on interval, the sight of anyone who could give us information of our country was peculiarly delightful and much of the night was spent in making inquiries into what had occurred during our absence. We found Mr.Airs a very friendly and liberal gentleman...(sep.20) we reached the little French village of La Charette, which we saluted with a discharge of four guns and three hearty cheers. We landed and were received with kindness by the inhabitants, as well as by some traders from Canada [two young Scotchmen in the employ of Mr.Aird], who were going to traffic with the Osages and Ottoes..."
He was trading on the Missouri in 1806/07 (Ramsey Crooks, his clerk and future head of the Amer.Fur Co. was waiting for him at St.Louis in June of 1807). Thomas Blackwood at Mackinac writes to J.& A.McGill & Co.(30 jul.1807): "...yesterday Mr.Aird arrived 30 days from St.Louis and has brought his furs with him, but not enough to pay...he gave into the Company's Store at St.Louis the remainder of his Goods, which he says may be near to L200 Currency...From what Mr.Aird says it appears there will be difficulties in the way of traders going to the West of the Mississippi, it is however believed here that they will be got over, as the Indians must have supplies which the Americans cannot for the present furnish...". By August of 1807 James is leaving Mackinac again, bound for St.Louis and the Missouri with his employee, Bellair, for the winter of 1807/08. By the winter of 1810/11, James is back trading above the Falls of St.Anthony with Robert Dickson.
During the War of 1812, Aird seems to have remained neutral and continued in the business of trading while his partner, Robert Dickson, becomes more committed to the British war effort. Dickson takes time to write from Mackinac, another partner in the firm, Jacob Franks, on 8 Sep.1812 "...Detroit was taken by Gen.Brock on the 16th of last month. Gen.Hull, with 2,400 men, laid down their arms. The American regulars are all gone to Quebec; but the Kentucky militia have been allowed to go home...Poor Hanks, having been detailed by Hull, was cut in two and died instantly. Col.Proctor, of the Forty-First, commands at Detroit. Gen.Brock staid only 24 hours there and is gone to attack Niagara...Troops are arriving daily from England...Gen.Brock's force, Indians, militia and regulars, did not exceed 1500...A large re-enforcement of Americans coming to Detroit, with 170 wagons,were also included in the capitulation. Gen.Brock has acquired much glory and the Americans, after their vain boasting, are covered with disgrace...Dispatches from Madison to Bonaparte had been intercepted...There has been a terrible affair at Baltimore. A general, 2 captains and 30-40 individuals, have been killed by the mobs...Berthelot and LaCroix arrived 2 days ago...Mr.Lawe will proceed with it (boat to La Baye) to the Mississippi until he meets Mr.Aird and they will arrange for his wintering...Mr.Wilmot is still here...".
After the war Aird is reported to be starving on the River St.Peters in March of 1815 and the next season began trading for the new firm of American Fur Company, continuing to trade with them on the River St.Peters until his death. Hazen Mooers writes to Ramsey Crooks of the American Fur Co., on 28 Dec.1818 of James poor health at Prairie du Chien - he died there on 27 Feb.1819.

John Aird: (1720 - ?)
He was married to Anna/Janet Campbell (daughter of Alexander & Agnes) in 1738 at Riccarton, Ayr, Scotland and they were probably the parents of the above. Their children were: Janet (b.1740, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland) (m.Alexander Carr), Margaret (b.1741, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), Mary (b.1743, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), Ann (b.1747, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), William (b.1749, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), John (1751-1815) (m.Janet Hunter in 1778), Robert (1753-1806) (m.Janet Findlay in 1782), Elizabeth (b.1755, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), Hugh (b.1756, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), James (b.27 Nov.1757, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland), George (b.1759, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland) & Andrew (b.1761, Kilmarnock, Ayr, Scotland).


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Jean Baptiste Perrault (Perrot) II: (1763 - 1844)
He was the son of Jean Bte.Perrot (Perrault) I & Marie Lemaitre, born at Trois-Rivieres, Quebec. His father belonged to a very respectable Canadian family and was employed in the time of the French, in a forge at Saint-Maurice, then at Trois-Rivières, when the country became an English Colony. Later, he was trading at Rivière-du-Loup. Jean II departed, in 1783, in order to trade on the Illinois on the behalf of Nicolas Marchesseau, an important trader at this time on the Upper Mississippi. His companions on this journey were Canadians: Sacharitè of Quebec; St.Germain, Robert & Dupuis of Maskinongè; Antoine & Francois Beauchemin, Ménard, L.Lavallée of Sorel & Yamaska . Marchesseau sold all his goods in the trade to Chouteau, of St-Louis.
The following is his narrative of a trade expedition he was on led by Alexander Kay to the height of land separating the Mississippi & the Great Lakes drainage basins, west of the headwaters of Lake Superior, in 1784-85, published in the "Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections" in 1909: "...Upon entering the river the next day and doubling the point of the little lake, we saw a wintering-house. It was that of Mr. Dufaut, come from Grand Portage, clerk for NW. and we stopped before his door. As Mr.Kay had perhaps taken only one drink he now took the second which made him ill-tempered so that instead of receiving politely Mr. Dufaut, who came down to meet him on the beach, he treated him rudely...The character of Mr.Kay was eccentric a man proud, impulsive, arrogant, enthusiastic, - taking counsel from no one, - in short, hare-brained...We started at all hazards to go into the interior with only what we had left...His party was composed of 14 men, his sauvagesse, himself, and me...To crown our misfortune we now met Mr.Harris with his three men and a savage named le Grosse Martre...I advised him to remain at Fond du Lac and to go up to the savages at the first opening of navigation, when they would be rich...Mr.Kay and Mr.Harris with seven men set out in advance to engage the savages to hunt...the savage arrived with a letter from Mr.Kay, informing me that he had decided to go to the Riviere aux Pins, and that he would send me some hunters. He directed me to try to advance to the Portage de la Prairie if possible and to pass the winter there...It took us eleven days to go from there to Portage de la Prairie amidst snow and ice, with nothing to eat. We lived on the seed-pods of the wild rose and the sap of trees...I made a lodge with an oilcloth near the small Lac de la Puise on the portage...the 26th of January and the 27th I went out with my man, whose name was Lauzon, to cut logs to build a house, 12 feet long by 10 feet wide. It was finished the 9th of February...We left the house about the 25th of April, for the little rivers opened early there...The water was very high and we could run the Portage des Pins, which we did. Mr.Kay wished to do as much, but about half way down the rapid, the canoe turned completely over destroying his baggage and he himself would have drowned, if le Petit Mort, his friend, had not leaped in to his rescue...The next day we arrived at Lac des Sables and reached the entrance near la Puisse...le Bras Casse, chief of Lac des Sables was at the lower end of a bay with some of his men making canoes...We remained there from the 27th day of that month till the 2nd of May to trade with the savages, who came in form all sides...The savages gave me the name of scribe, which they were accustomed to do to all whom the observed writing. As soon as Mr.Kay was gone I did not want for visits; Mr.Kay's savage woman staid in the tent with me. A great may savages came, among whom were, Katawabitais and Mang-Ozeit, who said to me, Scribe, give us some rum. I said to them that I could not, that I was not master. They tormented me a long time...Le Bariqueaeu appeared, who said that Mr.Harris and Mr.Pineau were about to arrive. Sure enough they appeared at le Puisse; the savages, all drunk, uttered cries of joy...they themselves were drunk from the flagon which Mr.Kay had carried with him...The festival was complete..."
Until 1789 he traded on the Chippewa, Minnesota, Crow Wing & Mississippi Rivers and from 1789 to 1803 an employee of the Fond du Lac Dept. He retired from the fur trade in 1821 and died at Sault Ste.Marie in 1844.

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Etienne Campion La Bonte: (1702-1754)
He was the son of Claude Campion Labonte & Anne Patron de La Ballance. Etienne married Marie-Charlotte Pepin (daughter of Robert Pepin Lachance & Elixabeth Royer) at Montreal in 1732. Their children were; Therese-Charlotte (b.1734)(m.Pierre Ignace Dubois Lajoye in 1754), M.Joseph (b.1736), Etienne-Charlotte (b.1737), Francoise (b.1737), Alexis (b.1741) & Marie-Charlotte (b.1745).

Etienne Campion: (b.Montreal - d.abt.1790)
Etienne was hired by Alexander Henry & Co. for Michilimackinac (18 July 1761), in the 1770's he was licensed to trade out of La Baye (Green Bay, Wis.), Prairie du Chien & the Mississippi and in May of 1782 Etienne was trading for Richard Dobie and licensed for Michilimackinac. In 1784 he was sent by the Society of Merchants at Mackinac to the western tribes on the lower Mississippi (Labatte was sent to the Minnesota River & Sayer was sent to the Lake Superior area).

Alexis Campion:
He was hired by Samuel Holmes (1762-63) as a boatman for La Baye and in 1779 is licensed for the La Baye area.


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Charles Patterson: (? - 1788)
Patterson began trading in the west about 1770 and in 1772 he is found at Michilimackinac going to his wintering ground. In the fall of 1774 & 1775 he is at the Cumberland House with Frobisher, William Holmes, Peter Pond, Alexander Henry & Samuel Hearne and wintering (1775/76) on the Assiniboine with Henry & Holmes. In 1780 he is found returning to Michilimackinac with his furs from the season as a partner of James McGill. By 1783 he seems to have severed his ties to the North West Company & James McGill, taking up the trade in the Upper Mississippi region by establishing a post on the Upper Minnesota River. In 1785 Patterson organizes The Sioux Outfit (he is financed by the Patterson & Mason Co.) for the Mackinac Company and builds a stockade on the Minnesota River to trade with the Sisseton & Wahpeton [Murdoch Cameron & Joseph Renville had brigades above Patterson, trading with the Teton & Yankton; Alexander Laframboise & Jean Bte.Perrault were in charge of another brigade on the Chippewa River; James Aird & Joseph Larocque had charge of a brigade trading with Wabasha's Band some where north of the Minnesota River]. From 1786 to 1788 he is involved with the "General Company of Lake Superior and the South" (also known as the General Society) with partners including James Aird, Etienne-Charles Campion, Charles Chaboillez & John Sayer. In July of 1787 Charles is at a council at Mackinac with the British Indian Department Commissary, John Dease, where western tribes mutually agree to maintain peace & acknowledge the King of England as their Father. Later that fall he signed a petition (sent to British Commander Thomas Scott), accusing Ainse of selling Indian Dept. goods for profit while he was on a peace mission on the Upper Mississippi region. In 1788 Patterson is granted a license to trade at Mackinac (with Allen Paterson), financed by Joseph Frobisher & Isaac Todd (Frobisher received three shares in the growing North West Company that year). On the 10th of September in 1788, Charles drowned off Patterson Pointe in Lake Michigan.

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JOHN SAYER:
Born in 1750, John has been a difficult trader to re-discover. He had a long career in the fur trade begining in the late 1770's and ending with his retirement in 1805/07 to St.Anne (the west end of the Is. of Montreal). In 1780 he was at Leech Lake as an agent for Joseph Howard of Michilimackinac. By 1791 he had formed J.Sayer & Co., trading in the L.Superior region & todays northern Minnesota. Between 1793 & 1805 he was a trader for the Northwest Fur Co. He apparently first married Obemauunoqua (daughter of Mamongazida or "Big Foot") with a second marriage to Elizabeth McPherson. His children apear to be: Pierre-Guillaume, John Charles, Henry, Margaret & James.

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Rene Bourassa dit LaRonde:
Rene I married 1st., Agnes Gagne, 2nd.M.Catherine Leriger Laplante & 3rd.M.Anne Deneau.

Rene Bourassa II: (1718-1792)
Rene II was the son of Rene Bourassa dit LaRonde born in Laprairie, Ouebec. He married (m.1744) Anne-Charlotte-Veronica, the daughter of Jean Bapt.lChevalier & Francoise Alavoine at Michilimackinac. Their children were, Rene Francois (died as infant), Charlotte-Ambrosine (b.1746), Anne-Catherine (1747-1818)(m.1st.Charles Langlade in 1754 & 2nd.Jean Leduc in 1773), Daniel (bapt.1752), Charles Louis (b.1752), Ann Agnes (b.1757), Louis Francois (bapt.1758), Charles Jean (bapt.1781) & Angelique (1763-1767).
From 1733 to 1735 Rene was hiring men at Montreal for Michilimackinac, Lac Ouynipigon & Lac des Bois.


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Pierre Grignon I: (1709-?)
He was the son of Jacques Grignon & Marie-Therese Richer. Pierre I married Josephte-Marguerite Chevalier (daughter of Jean Bte.Chevalier & Francoise Alavoine) at Michilimackinac in 1738. Their children were: Joseph (m.Marie Josephe Turcotte in 1771), Marie-Marguerite (b.1739)(m.Pierre-Augustin Arcouet), Pierre II (1740-1795)(m.1st.a Menominee woman & 2nd.Louise-Domitilde Langlade), Jean Bte.(b.1743)(m.Marie-Renee Moreau in 1768), Marie-Joseph (b.1746), Hopolite (m.1st.unknown & 2nd.Lisitte Charette) & Marie-Pelagie (b.1748).

Pierre Grignon II: (1740-1795)
He was the son of Pierre Grignon I & Josephte-Marguerite Chevalier, born in Montreal, Quebec. Pierre II married 1st. to a Menominee/Winnebago woman (in 1776) & 2nd.to Louise-Domitilde Langlade(daughter of Charles-Michel Langlade & Charlotte-Ambroisine Bourassa) at Michilimackinac in 1787. His children were: Perrich, (abt.1770-abt.1840)(m.Mary abt.1823), Pierre-Antoine III (1777-1823), Charles-Antoine (1779-1846)(m.to Charolotte, Therese Rankin & Susan Larose), Augustin (1780-1860)(m.Nancy McRea), Louis (1783-1839)(m.Catiche Cardin), Jean Bte.(1785-1832)(m.1st.Quipiwa, 2nd.Noquas & 3rd.Cattish Macabee), Domitille (1787-1847)(m.Dominique "Masca" Brunette in 1811), Marguerite (1789-1823)(m.Louis Corbelle in 1803), Paul-Hypolite (1790-1851)(m.to Nanette & Lisette Charette) & Amable (1795-1845)(m.1st.an Ojibwe woman & 2nd.to Judith Bourassa).
Pierre II is licensed to trade along with another of Charles Langlade's son-in-laws, Jean Bte.Barcellou., in 1767. He maintained a residence at Green Bay (along with families of Langlades, Roys, Reaumes, Franks & Vieaus) and his sons became prominent traders/voyageurs in todays Wisconsin & Minnesota.


Pierre-Antoine Grignon III: (1777-1823)
He was the son of Pierre Grignon II and baptized at Michilimackinac in 1787. Pierre III married 1st Charlotte Pemonica about 1801 & 2nd. to Marie Challefoux about 1811.
From 1793 to 1802 Pierre III was trading on the Upper Mississippi & St.Croix Rivers. During the War of 1812 he was commissioned a captain and sent to Green Bay to raise volunteers for the British cause. After the war he remained at Green Bay where he died in 1823.


Pierre-Barnard Grignon IV:
He was the son of Pierre Grignon III and in 1830 carring the mail between Green Bay & Milwaukee.


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The goods on this page are of the mid-North American fur trade era it's history & genealogy prior to the 1840's.

It is an attempt to distribute knowledge & pride in our American heritage.

- updated 3/10/02 -

- this page is continually under construction -

Biographies & Histories of

TRADERS / MERCHANTS / CHIEFS / OFFICERS / VOYAGEURS

users.usinternet.com/dfnels/index.htm

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Antoine Pinchon Gregare/Giguiere: (b.nr.Montreal; d.after 1773):

Antoine was a French soldier in Illinois country until he deserted in the 1740's and lived
with the tribes on the Missouri until the British took control of the Midwestern region. He was living with the Dakota when Alexander Henry placed him incharge of his Sioux trading venture. On 26 June 1748 a Penichon Giguiere is given 60 livres by Jacques Legardeur (Fort Michilimackinac commander) for giving an Indian a rifle.

About 11 oct. 1766 Jonathan Carver met Pinchon at the Fox-Wisc.Portage & recorded an account by Pinchon of a man of the Menomonie Nation, whom he lost a wager to, betting that he could not get his rattlesnake [which he "treated as a Deity; calling it his Great Father, and caring it with him in a box wherever he went."] to return to the box in May (having given the snake his liberty in October}. Some years later Peter Pond ran into the same character at the Portage.

It appears Antoine's children by a Dakota woman were Wayagoenagee (see below) & Hazahotewin who became the wife of trader Duncan Graham or Hohayteedah (1770/72 - 1847).

Penichon II/ Wayagoenagee/"Good Roads": (b.abt.1789; d.after 1805):

Chief of the Mdewakantons at the Titankatanni village, about 8-9 miles above the mouth of the Minnesota River.
In 1805 Z.Pike met whom he called "le Fils de Penichon", who was the metis son of a French trader by that name.

Penichon III/Takopepeshene/"Dauntless": (b.unkown; d. 1833):